The research addresses the issue of the intellectual property on plant genetic resources and aims at assessing its impact on agricultural practices and their subsequent effect on biodiversity, on development objectives and the right to food. Notably the research aims at assessing the impact of intellectual property right on small-scale farmers and on the farmers-seed system. As a matter of fact, the expansion of intellectual-property-based commercial seed system in replacement of farmers seed systems, might uniform the cultures, and cause the disappearance of local landraces and a a loss of biodiversity. Such phenomenon might deprive humanity from means adapt its agriculture to environmental changes.