Climate change has risen to the top of the international and public agenda, with the debate focusing on what targets should be set for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and what measures are needed to meet those targets. Far less attention has been paid to the impact of these measures on different groups in European societies. How can we ensure that the costs and benefits of environmental policies are shared fairly across society in Europe? How can we prevent policies to combat climate change hitting the pockets of poorer households hardest? Can social policies contribute to achieving the European Union’s climate change goals in a way that benefits everyone in society?