Objectives 1. To improve sampling, population and phylogeographic studies of marine organisms which have vast distribution ranges 2. To produce a comprehensive analysis of phylogeographic patterns based on multiple species using shared sampling locations (synergy) 3. To assess the impact of different types of natural and human-mediated perturbations on marine biodiversity at different temporal and (large) spatial scales 4. To share technologies and to offer training facilities, in a context of rapid technical and theoretical progress 5. To make data available through coordinated outreach activities Description of work 1. Complete the Genetics sub-network 2. Inventory of species studied in Marine Genetic diversity in Europe 3. Gathering sampling protocols from Genetic MARBEF members 4. State of the art seminars presenting Genetic diversity knowledge on (all) candidate species for this RPM -> workshop 1a (Ap.-Ma 2006) 5. Gather information about species and sites and environmental factors studied in Theme 2, and their GIS layering 6. Gather information about possible interactions theme 3 7. Selection of model species to be studied in GBIRM. Several scales (local study [only monitored sites], regional study, pan-European study) will be defined. 8. Selection of sites for monitoring (repeated sampling of selected species) and comparative phylogeography (sampling once but as many selected species as possible). Defining sampling strategy -> workshop 1b (Ap.-Ma 2006) 9. Archiving on the web site of all transactions between members (exchange of samples, information, etc) to keep a tract, transparency 10. Sampling all selected species in all selected locations and through time at the monitored sites 11. DNA characterisation (sequencing or SSCP, genotyping, etcÖ) 12. Genetic data analysis performed for each species by responsible researcher ->workshop 2 (Ju-Jt 2007) 13. Analysis, for each species, of the correlation between genetic and environmental data (Theme 2 projects). 14. Theoretical analysis of phylogeographic (sensu lato) data-coalescence -> workshop 3 (De 2007- Ja 2008) 15. Comparisons of phylogeographic patterns with palaeo-climatic and oceanographic data to infer past climatic changes and environmental factors on shaping the present structure ->workshop 4 (Ju-Jt 2008) 16. Identification of groups of species showing identical or similar phylogeographic patterns if common life-history traits and ecological characteristics can explain these similarities 17. Determine spatial scales of population differentiation for multiple species in an area to determine the minimal size requirement for a marine protected area. 18. Analysis of species relevant to invasions and marine protected areas (Theme 3) 19. To provide information on genetic diversity and functioning through co-ordinated outreach activities including the publication of brochures, posters and web pages for the public, schools and colleges and scientists.