Biological activities in soils are widely recognized as playing a vital part in nutrient cycling, element mobilisation and availability to plants. Among the soil microflora, mycorrhizal fungi occupy a unique location at the interface between soil and plant. Though they are recognized as key actors in the soil-to-plant continuum, their role in radionuclide (RN) mobilisation and transfer to plants has been scarcely studied. The proposal aims at laying out the scientific foundations of the use of these symbiotic fungi in the phytostabilisation/phytoremediation of uranium and radioceasium contaminated areas. Such scientific basement is a prerequisite to future development of technologies based on the use of the mycorhizosphere in the management of RN-contaminated sites. In other words, it is our objective to give a reply to the following question: do the mycorrhizal fungi represent a potential tool in the phytostabilisation/phytoremediation strategy of RN-contaminated areas?