The initiative of this work comes from the Institute of Tropical Medicine from Antwerpen who is partner in this research project. The main objective is to identify the environmental determinants, landscape structures, land managements and rural activities susceptible to induce variations in malaria transmission. The analysis concentrate in two case studies: 1. South East Asia: Influence of landscape fragmentation and human activities on anopheles species composition and consequences on vectorial status of these species. 2. Highland malaria in the Great Lake region in Africa: Identification of population at risk using a micro stratification based on elevation, land management and seasonal fluctuations