Main Objectives To develop effective and acceptable gear modifications and alternative fishing tactics in co-operation with the fishing industry to reduce the by-catch and mortality of non-target fish species in European Nephrops fisheries, and determine the biological effects and socio-economic repercussions of using these. To develop effective and acceptable gear modifications, acoustical deterrents and alternative fishing tactics in co-operation with the fishing industry to reduce the by-catch and mortality of cetaceans in European pelagic fisheries. To determine the biological effects and socio-economic repercussions of using these