The aim of this project is to study the impact of urbanization mainly on insects with two complementary approaches. Firstly, how does species distribution and community structures change with urbanization (eg biodiversity loss in urban landscapes) ? Secondly, how does populations adapt to these anthropogenic landscapes with a particular focus on adaptions to habitat fragmentation and to climatic conditions (urban heat island effect). We use mainly Orthoptera (grasshoppers and bush-crickets) as model organisms  but also ladybirds an butterflies.