Contribution to the construction of the ‘latest synthesis’ in the theory of evolution, that can be applied to biologicial, abiotic and socio-cultural systems. The latest views are tested with the aid of some tangible items in micro- and macro-organisms, as well as socio-cultural systems. The multidisciplinary teamwork in the field of one speciality as well as the scientific-sociological studies in this speciality are emphasized. It is tried to revive the debate about the social relevance of evolutionary thinking.