Objective
1° An improved monitoring system for detection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors will be set up, and new more appropriate tests will be developed. Bioassays, biochemical tests and molecular tests will be used to explore the resistance mechanisms involved. At the end of the project the insecticide resistance status will be available for at least 120 sites and a decision tree for the management of operational implications will be set up.
2° A Geographical Information System (GIS) on vector distribution (both primary and secondary vectors) and insecticide resistance will be developed. Existing data and data from the 120 different sites collected by the present project will be used. Integrated traditional and molecular systematics studies on secondary vectors will be implemented to resolve the identification of troublesome taxa and their taxonomic status. A model to predict vector distribution and associations of species by environmental factors will be developed. This will be a practical tool to delineate malaria risk areas, to improve the targeting of vector control and assessing the resistance status of vectors.

Description
1. Resistance status of malaria vectors in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos;
2. New tests to detect target-site and metabolistic resistance in vectors;
3. Guidelines for an adapted insecticide resistance monitoring system;
4. Resolution of taxonomic identity of secondary malaria vectors
5. A Geographical Information System for mapping anopheline distribution, insecticide resistance in relation to environmental factors, and a prediction model.